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Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo was a Spanish painter, printmaker, and designer whose work bridged late 19th-century academic tradition and modernist sensibility. Active across painting, etching, and decorative arts, he developed a distinctive approach to portraiture and historical subjects marked by precise draughtsmanship and a refined chromatic palette. His practice extended to textile design and theatrical set design, reflecting a comprehensive engagement with visual culture across media.